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How Do You Call The Book Where Catholic Confirmation Is Registered

Written By Friday, May 20, 2022 Add Comment Edit

Christian religious exercise

In Christian denominations that practice infant baptism, confirmation is seen as the sealing of the covenant created in baptism. Those being confirmed are known equally confirmands. For adults, it is an affirmation of belief.[1]

Catholicism and Eastern Christianity view confirmation equally a sacrament. In the East it is conferred immediately after baptism. In the W, this practice is normally followed when adults are baptized, but in the case of infants not in danger of expiry information technology is administered, ordinarily by a bishop, merely when the kid reaches the historic period of reason or early on adolescence. Among those Christians who exercise teen-aged confirmation, the do may be perceived, secondarily, as a "coming of historic period" rite.[2] [iii]

In many Protestant denominations, such equally the Anglican, Lutheran, Methodist and Reformed traditions, confirmation is a rite that oftentimes includes a profession of faith past an already baptized person. Confirmation is required past Lutherans, Anglicans and other traditional Protestant denominations for full membership in the corresponding church.[four] [v] [vi] In Catholic theology, by contrast, it is the sacrament of baptism that confers membership, while "reception of the sacrament of Confirmation is necessary for the completion of baptismal grace".[7] The Catholic and Methodist denominations teach that in confirmation, the Holy Spirit strengthens a baptized private for their faith journey.[8] [ix]

Confirmation is non expert in Baptist, Anabaptist and other groups that teach believer's baptism. Thus, the sacrament or rite of confirmation is administered to those being received from those aforementioned groups, in addition to those converts from not-Christian religions. The Church building of Jesus Christ of Latter-twenty-four hour period Saints does not practice infant baptism, but individuals can be baptized after they reach the "age of accountability". Confirmation in the LDS Church occurs soon following baptism, which is not considered complete or fully efficacious until confirmation is received.[10]

There is an analogous ceremony also called confirmation in Reform Judaism. Information technology was created in the 1800s by Israel Jacobson.[11]

Scriptural foundation [edit]

The roots of confirmation are found in the Church of the New Testament. In the Gospel of John 14, Christ speaks of the coming of the Holy Spirit on the Apostles (John 14:xv–26). Later, after his Resurrection, Jesus breathed upon them and they received the Holy Spirit (John 20:22), a process completed on the day of Pentecost (Acts two:1–4). That Pentecostal outpouring of the Spirit was the sign of the messianic age foretold by the prophets (cf. Ezek 36:25–27; Joel three:ane–2). Its arrival was proclaimed by Apostle Peter. Filled with the Holy Spirit the apostles began to proclaim "the mighty works of God" (Acts 2:xi; Cf. 2:17–eighteen). Afterward this bespeak, the New Testament records the apostles bestowing the Holy Spirit upon others through the laying on of hands.

Three texts go far certain that a laying on of hands for the imparting of the Spirit – performed after the h2o-bath and every bit a complement to this bath – existed already in the earliest apostolic times. These texts are: Acts eight:4–xx and 19:1–7, and Hebrews 6:i–6. In the Acts of the Apostles 8:14–17 different "ministers" are named for the two deportment. Information technology is not deacon Philip, the baptiser, but only the apostles who were able to impart the pneuma through the laying on of hands.

Now when the apostles in Jerusalem heard that Samaria had accustomed the give-and-take of God, they sent them Peter and John, who went downward and prayed for them, that they might receive the holy Spirit, for it had not still fallen upon whatever of them; they had but been baptized in the name of the Lord Jesus. Then they laid easily on them and they received the holy Spirit.

Further on in the text, connection between the gift of the Holy Spirit and the gesture of laying on of hands appears fifty-fifty more conspicuously. Acts 8:18–nineteen introduces the asking of Simon the magician in the following fashion: "When Simon saw that the Spirit was given through the laying on of the apostles' hands ... ." In Acts 19, baptism of the disciples is mentioned in quite general terms, without the government minister being identified. If we refer to 1 Cor 1:17 we may assume that Paul left the action of baptising to others. But then Acts 19:6 expressly states that information technology was Apostle Paul who laid his hands upon the newly baptised. Hebrews six:1–6 distinguishes "the teaching nearly baptisms" from the teaching about "the laying on of easily". The difference may exist understood in the light of the two passages in Acts 8 and 19.[12]

Christian denominational views [edit]

Roman Cosmic Church building [edit]

German language forest cut depicting Confirmation service (1679)

In the teaching of the Roman Catholic Church building, confirmation, known as well as chrismation,[13] is 1 of the 7 sacraments instituted by Christ for the conferral of sanctifying grace and the strengthening of the spousal relationship between the individual and God.

The Catechism of the Catholic Church in its paragraphs 1302–1303 states:

It is evident from its celebration that the effect of the sacrament of Confirmation is the special outpouring of the Holy Spirit as in one case granted to the apostles on the 24-hour interval of Pentecost.

From this fact, Confirmation brings an increase and deepening of baptismal grace:

  • it roots us more than deeply in the divine filiation which makes us cry, "Abba! Male parent!" (Romans eight:15);
  • information technology unites us more than firmly to Christ;
  • information technology increases the gifts of the Holy Spirit in us;
  • it renders our bond with the Church building more than perfect;
  • information technology gives united states a special strength of the Holy Spirit to spread and defend the faith past discussion and activeness as truthful witnesses of Christ, to confess the name of Christ boldly, and never to exist ashamed of the Cross:

Recall so that you lot have received the spiritual seal, the spirit of wisdom and agreement, the spirit of correct judgment and courage, the spirit of cognition and reverence, the spirit of holy fear in God's presence. Guard what you have received. God the Father has marked y'all with his sign; Christ the Lord has confirmed you and has placed his pledge, the Spirit, in your hearts.

In the Latin (i.e., Western) Cosmic Church, the sacrament is customarily conferred only on persons one-time enough to empathise information technology, and the ordinary minister of confirmation is a bishop. "If necessity then requires", the diocesan bishop may grant specified priests the faculty to administer the sacrament, although normally he is to administer it himself or ensure that it is conferred by another bishop.[14] In addition, the law itself confers the same faculty on the following:

within the confines of their jurisdiction, those who in police force are equivalent to a diocesan Bishop (for example, a vicar apostolic);

in respect of the person to be confirmed, the priest who by virtue of his part or past mandate of the diocesan Bishop baptises an adult or admits a baptized adult into full communion with the Catholic Church building;

in respect of those in danger of death, the parish priest or indeed any priest.[fourteen]

"According to the ancient practise maintained in the Roman liturgy, an adult is not to be baptized unless he receives Confirmation immediately afterward, provided no serious obstacles be."[xv] Assistants of the two sacraments, one immediately after the other, to adults is normally done by the bishop of the diocese (generally at the Easter Vigil) since "the baptism of adults, at least of those who take completed their fourteenth year, is to exist referred to the Bishop, then that he himself may confer it if he judges this appropriate"[xvi] Simply if the bishop does not confer the baptism, then it devolves on the priest whose part information technology so is to confer both sacraments, since, "in addition to the bishop, the police gives the kinesthesia to confirm to the following, ... priests who, in virtue of an office which they lawfully hold, baptize an adult or a child one-time enough for catechesis or receive a validly baptized adult into total communion with the Church."[17]

In Eastern Cosmic Churches, the usual minister of this sacrament is the parish priest, using olive oil consecrated by a bishop (i.eastward., chrism) and administering the sacrament immediately afterwards baptism. This corresponds exactly to the exercise of the early Church, when at first those receiving baptism were mainly adults, and of the non-Roman Cosmic Eastern Churches.

The practise of the Eastern Churches gives greater emphasis to the unity of Christian initiation. That of the Latin Church more clearly expresses the communion of the new Christian with the bishop as guarantor and retainer of the unity, catholicity and apostolicity of his Church, and hence the connection with the apostolic origins of Christ's Church building.[13]

Rite of Confirmation in the W [edit]

The master reason why the West separated the sacrament of confirmation from that of baptism was to re-establish direct contact between the person being initiated with the bishops. In the Early Church, the bishop administered all iii sacraments of initiation (baptism, confirmation and Eucharist), assisted by the priests and deacons and, where they existed, past deaconesses for women's baptism. The post-baptismal Chrismation in detail was reserved to the bishop. When adults no longer formed the majority of those being baptized, this Chrismation was delayed until the bishop could confer information technology. Until the 12th century, priests oft continued to confer confirmation before giving Communion to very young children.[18]

Later the Fourth Lateran Quango, Communion, which continued to be given only after confirmation, was to be administered only on reaching the age of reason. Some fourth dimension after the 13th century, the historic period of confirmation and Communion began to be delayed farther, from seven, to twelve and to fifteen.[19] In the 18th c. in France the sequence of sacraments of initiation was changed. Bishops started to impart confirmation only subsequently the kickoff Eucharistic communion. The reason was no longer the decorated calendar of the bishop, only the bishop's will to give adequate instruction to the youth. The practice lasted until Pope Leo XIII in 1897 asked to restore the primary club and to celebrate confirmation back at the age of reason. That didn't last long. In 1910 his successor, Pope Pius X, showing business organization for the easy access to the Eucharist for children, in his Letter of the alphabet Quam Singulari lowered the age of outset communion to 7. That was the origin of the widespread custom in parishes to organise the Kickoff Communion for children at second grade and confirmation in eye or loftier school [ clarification needed ].[20]

The 1917 Code of Canon Law, while recommending that confirmation be delayed until about vii years of age, allowed it be given at an earlier age.[21] Only on 30 June 1932 was official permission given to change the traditional society of the 3 sacraments of Christian initiation: the Sacred Congregation for the Sacraments and so allowed, where necessary, that confirmation exist administered later on first Holy Communion. This novelty, originally seen as exceptional, became more and more the accepted practice. Thus, in the mid-20th century, confirmation began to be seen as an occasion for professing personal commitment to the religion on the role of someone approaching machismo.

Even so, the Canon of the Catholic Church (1308) warns: "Although Confirmation is sometimes called the 'sacrament of Christian maturity,' we must not confuse adult faith with the developed historic period of natural growth, nor forget that the baptismal grace is a grace of free, unmerited election and does not need 'ratification' to become effective."[22]

On the canonical age for confirmation in the Latin or Western Catholic Church building, the present (1983) Lawmaking of Canon Police force, which maintains unaltered the rule in the 1917 Code, lays down that the sacrament is to be conferred on the true-blue at about the age of discretion (generally taken to be virtually seven), unless the Episcopal Conference has decided on a different age, or there is a danger of death or, in the judgement of the minister, a grave reason suggests otherwise (catechism 891 of the Lawmaking of Canon Police force). The Code prescribes the age of discretion too for the sacraments of Reconciliation[23] and get-go Holy Communion.[24]

In some places the setting of a later age, east.chiliad. mid-teens in the United states of america, early on teens in Ireland and Britain, has been abandoned in recent decades in favor of restoring the traditional guild of the 3 sacraments of Christian initiation,[25] [26] [27] [20] Even where a subsequently age has been prepare, a bishop may not refuse to confer the sacrament on younger children who request information technology, provided they are baptized, take the use of reason, are suitably instructed and are properly disposed and able to renew the baptismal promises (alphabetic character of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Field of study of the Sacraments published in its 1999 bulletin, pages 537–540).

Effects of confirmation [edit]

The Roman Catholic Church building and some Anglo-Catholics teach that, like baptism, confirmation marks the recipient permanently, making it impossible to receive the sacrament twice. It accepts as valid a confirmation conferred within churches, such as the Eastern Orthodox Church building, whose Holy Orders it sees as valid through the apostolic succession of their bishops. But it considers it necessary to administer the sacrament of confirmation, in its view for the merely fourth dimension, to Protestants who are admitted to full communion with the Catholic Church.

I of the effects of the sacrament is that "information technology gives united states of america a special strength of the Holy Spirit to spread and defend the faith past discussion and action as true witnesses of Christ, to confess the name of Christ boldly, and never to be aback of the Cross" (Canon of the Catholic Church, 1303).[22] This upshot was described by the Council of Trent as making the confirmed person "a soldier of Christ".[28]

The same passage of the Catechism of the Catholic Church also mentions, as an effect of confirmation, that "information technology renders our bond with the Church building more than perfect". This mention stresses the importance of participation in the Christian customs.

The "soldier of Christ" imagery was used, as far back as 350, by St Cyril of Jerusalem.[29] In this connectedness, the touch on the cheek that the bishop gave while saying " Pax tecum " (Peace be with yous) to the person he had just confirmed was interpreted in the Roman Pontifical equally a slap, a reminder to exist dauntless in spreading and defending the faith: " Deinde leviter eum in maxilla caedit, dicens: Pax tecum " (Then he strikes him lightly on the cheek, saying: Peace be with you). When, in application of the 2d Vatican Quango'due south Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy,[xxx] the confirmation rite was revised in 1971, mention of this gesture was omitted. Still, the French and Italian translations, indicating that the bishop should back-trail the words "Peace be with y'all" with "a friendly gesture" (French text) or "the sign of peace" (Italian text), explicitly allow a gesture such as the bear on on the cheek, to which they restore its original meaning. This is in accord with the Introduction to the rite of confirmation, 17, which indicates that the episcopal conference may make up one's mind "to innovate a different way for the minister to give the sign of peace after the anointing, either to each individual or to all the newly confirmed together."

Eastern Churches [edit]

The Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox and Eastern Cosmic churches refer to this sacrament (or, more properly, Sacred Mystery) equally chrismation, a term which Roman Catholics also use; for instance, in Italian the term is cresima . Eastern Christians link chrismation closely with the sacred mystery of baptism, conferring information technology immediately after baptism, which is normally on infants.

The sacred tradition of the Orthodox Church teaches that the Apostles themselves established the practice of anointing with chrism (consecrated oil) in place of the laying on of hands when bestowing the sacrament. As the numbers of converts grew, information technology became physically incommunicable for the apostles to lay hands upon each of the newly baptized. So the Apostles laid hands upon a vessel of oil, bestowing the Holy Spirit upon it, which was so distributed to all of the presbyters (priests) for their employ when they baptized.[31] This same chrism is in utilise to this day, never being completely depleted just newly consecrated chrism only beingness added to it as needed (this consecration traditionally is performed merely by the primates of certain autocephalous churches on Great Thursday) and it is believed that chrism in use today contains some small amount of the original chrism fabricated by the apostles.

When Roman Catholics and traditional Protestants, such as Lutherans, Anglicans and Methodists, convert to Orthodoxy, they are oft admitted by chrismation, without baptism; only, since this is a matter of local episcopal discretion, a bishop may crave all converts to be admitted by baptism if he deems it necessary. Depending upon the form of the original baptism, some Protestants must be baptized upon conversion to Orthodoxy. A common practice is that those persons who have been previously baptized by triple immersion in the name of the Trinity practice not need to be baptized. However, requirements will differ from jurisdiction to jurisdiction and some traditional Orthodox jurisdictions adopt to baptize all converts. When a person is received into the church, whether by baptism or chrismation, they will often take the name of a saint, who will get their patron saint. Thenceforward, the feast twenty-four hours of that saint will be celebrated as the convert'south proper noun day, which in traditional Orthodox cultures is celebrated in lieu of one'due south birthday.

The Orthodox rite of chrismation takes place immediately after baptism and wear the "newly illumined" (i.e., newly baptized) in their baptismal robe. The priest makes the sign of the cross with the chrism (besides referred to as myrrh) on the brow, eyes, nostrils, lips, both ears, chest, hands and feet of the newly illumined, saying with each anointing: "The seal of the gift of the Holy Spirit. Amen." Then the priest will place his epitrachelion (stole) over the newly illumined and leads them and their sponsors in a procession, circling three times around the Gospel Book, while the choir chants each time: "As many as accept been baptized into Christ have put on Christ. Alleluia" (Galatians 3:27).

The reason the Eastern Churches perform chrismation immediately afterwards baptism is so that the newly baptized may receive Holy Communion, which is commonly given to infants also as adults.

An individual may be baptized in extremis (in a life-threatening emergency) by whatsoever baptized member of the church building; however, simply a priest or bishop may perform the mystery of chrismation. If someone who has been baptized in extremis survives, the priest and then performs the chrismation.

The Roman Catholic Church does not confirm converts to Catholicism who take been chrismated in a non-Cosmic Eastern church, considering that the sacrament has been validly conferred and may not be repeated.

In the Eastern Orthodox Church the sacrament may be conferred more in one case and it is customary to receive returning or repentant apostates past repeating chrismation.[32] [33]

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints [edit]

When discussing confirmation, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-twenty-four hour period Saints (LDS Church) uses the term "ordinance" owing to their origins in a Protestant surround, but the actual doctrine describing their ordinances and their effects is sacramental.[34] Church ordinances are understood as administering grace and must exist conducted by properly ordained clergy members[35] through apostolic succession reaching back through Peter to Christ, although the line of say-so differs from Catholics and Eastern Orthodox.[36] [37] Baptism by h2o is understood equally representing the death of the old person and their resurrection from that death into a new life in Christ.[38] Through baptism by water, sin, and guilt are washed abroad as the old sinner dies and the new child of Christ emerges. Confirmation is understood as being the baptism past fire wherein the Holy Spirit enters into the individual, purges them of the furnishings of the sin from their previous life (the guilt and culpability of which were already washed away), and introduces them into the church every bit a new person in Christ. Through confirmation, the individual receives the Souvenir of the Holy Ghost, granting the individual the permanent companionship of the Holy Ghost as long as the person does not willfully drive Him abroad through sin.[39]

The ceremony is significantly simpler than in Cosmic or Eastern Orthodox churches and is performed past an ordained clergyman as follows:[40]

Lays his hands upon the individual's caput and states the person'southward full proper noun.
States that the ordinance is performed by the authority of the Melchizedek Priesthood.
Confirms the person a member of the LDS Church building.
Bestows the gift of the Holy Ghost by saying, "Receive the Holy Ghost."
Gives a priesthood blessing as the Spirit directs.
Closes in the name of Jesus Christ.

Other deportment typically associated with confirmation in Catholicism or Eastern Orthodoxy, such as the reception of a Christian proper name, anointing of body parts with chrism, and the clothing of the confirmant in a white garment or chiton are conducted separately equally part of a ceremony called the Initiatory.

Lutheran Churches [edit]

Lutheran confirmation is a public profession of faith prepared for past long and careful instruction. In English, it is chosen "affirmation of baptism", and is a mature and public profession of the faith which "marks the completion of the congregation's program of confirmation ministry".[41] The German language also uses for Lutheran confirmation a dissimilar word ( Konfirmation ) from the give-and-take used for the sacramental rite of the Catholic Church building ( Firmung ).

Lutheran churches exercise non treat confirmation as a dominical sacrament of the Gospel, because that only baptism and the Eucharist can be regarded equally such. Some popular Sundays for this to occur are Palm Lord's day, Pentecost and Reformation Sun (concluding Dominicus in October).

Anglican Communion [edit]

Article 25 of The 16th Century 39 Articles lists confirmation among those rites "commonly called Sacraments" which are "not to be counted for Sacraments of the Gospel" (a term referring to the dominical sacraments, i.due east. baptism and the Holy Eucharist), because they were not straight instituted past Christ with a specific affair and form, and they are not generally necessary to salvation.[42] The language of the Articles has led some to deny that confirmation and the other rites are sacraments at all. Others maintain that "ordinarily called Sacraments" does not mean "wrongly chosen Sacraments".

Many Anglicans, especially Anglo-Catholics, count the rite as ane of seven sacraments. This is the official view in several Anglican provinces.[ citation needed ] While almost provinces of the Anglican Communion practise not make provision for ministers other than bishops to administer confirmation, presbyters can be authorized to do and so in certain South Asian provinces, which are united churches.[43] Similarly, the American Episcopal Church recognizes that "those who have previously fabricated a mature public commitment in another Church may be received past the laying on of easily by a Bishop of this Church, rather than confirmed."[44] Furthermore, at its General Convention in 2015 a resolution advancing presbyteral confirmation was referred to committee for further review.[45]

"[T]he renewal of the baptismal vows, which is role of the Anglican Confirmation service, is in no way necessary to Confirmation and can be washed more than once. [...] When Confirmation is given early, candidates may be asked to make a fresh renewal of vows when they approach adult life at about xviii."[46] The Volume of Common Prayer of the Church building of England employs the phrase "ratify and confirm" with respect to these vows which has led to the mutual conception of confirmation as the renewal of baptismal vows. While such a view closely aligns to the doctrine of confirmation held by Lutherans, the dominant Anglican position is possibly better evidenced in the attempt to replace "ratify and confirm" with "ratify and confess" in the proposed Prayer Book revision of 1928, which was defeated in the Business firm of Eatables 14 June of that year. It must be acknowledged that Anglicanism includes a range of approaches to the theology of confirmation.

Methodist Churches [edit]

In the Methodist Church, as with the Anglican Communion,[47] Confirmation is defined by the Articles of Organized religion every bit ane those "Normally called Sacraments but not to be counted for Sacraments of the Gospel",[48] [49] [50] as well known every bit the "five lesser sacraments".[51] The Methodist theologian John William Fletcher stated that "information technology was a custom of the Apostles and elders in the primitive Church, adopted by our own church, to pray that young Believers might exist filled with the Spirit through the laying on of hands."[52] As such, the Methodist Worship Book declares that

In Confirmation, those who have been baptized declare their faith in Christ and are Strengthened past the Holy Spirit for continuing discipleship. Confirmation reminds us that we are baptized and that God continues to be at work in our lives: we respond past affirming that we belong to Christ and to the whole People of God. At a Service of Confirmation, baptized Christians are likewise received into membership of the Methodist Church building and accept their place every bit such in a local congregation.[viii]

By Water and Spirit, an official United Methodist publication, states that "it should be emphasized that Confirmation is what the Holy Spirit does. Confirmation is a divine action, the work of the Spirit empowering a person 'born through h2o and the Spirit' to 'live equally a true-blue disciple of Jesus Christ'."[53] As with its Anglican patrimony, in Methodism, confirmation is a means of grace.[54] Furthermore, confirmation is the individual's first public affidavit of the grace of God in baptism and the acknowledgment of the credence of that grace past faith.[55] For those baptized every bit infants, it oftentimes occurs when youth enter their 6th through 8th class years, but it may occur earlier or subsequently.[56] For youth and adults who are joining the Church, "those who are baptized are also confirmed, remembering that our ritual reflects the ancient unity of baptism, confirmation (laying on of hands with prayer), and Eucharist."[57] Candidates to be confirmed, known as confirmands, accept a class which covers Christian doctrine, theology, Methodist Church history, stewardship, basic Bible report and other topics.[58]

Presbyterian, Congregationalist and Continental Reformed Churches [edit]

The Presbyterian Church in America has a procedure of confirmation, but it is not necessarily public, and depends on the congregation as to the nature of confirmation. In do, many churches practice require and offer classes for Confirmation.[59]

The PC(USA) has a confirmation process. This is a profession of faith that "seeks to provide youth with a foundational understanding of our faith, tradition and Presbyterian practices".[60]

Irvingian Churches [edit]

In the New Apostolic Church, the largest of the Irvingian denominations, Confirmation is a rite that "strengthens the confirmands in their endeavour to keep their vow to profess Jesus Christ in word and deed."[61] Confirmation is celebrated inside the Divine Service and in it, confirmands take the following vow:[61]

I renounce Satan and all his work and ways, and surrender myself to Yous, O triune God, Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, in belief, obedience, and the earnest resolution to remain faithful to You until my end. Amen.

Post-obit the recitation of the vow, "young Christians receive the confirmation blessing, which is dispensed upon them through laying on of hands."[61]

United Protestant Churches [edit]

In United Protestant Churches, such equally the United Church of Canada, Church of North Republic of india, Church of Pakistan, Church of South India, Uniting Church building in Australia and United Church of Christ in Japan, confirmation is a rite that is "understood as a Christian person bold the responsibilities of the promises made at baptism."[62]

Confirmation proper name [edit]

In many countries, it is customary for a person beingness confirmed in some dioceses of Roman Cosmic Church building and in parts of Lutheranism and Anglicanism to adopt a new name, mostly the name of a biblical character or saint, thus securing an additional patron saint every bit protector and guide.[63] This exercise is non mentioned in the official liturgical book of the rite of confirmation and is not in use in Spanish and French-speaking lands, nor in Italy or the Philippines. Although some insist on the custom,[64] it is discouraged by others and in any case is only a secondary aspect of confirmation.[65]

As indicated by the different senses of the word "christening", baptism and the giving of a personal proper name have traditionally been linked. At confirmation, in which the intervention of a godparent strengthens a resemblance with baptism, it became customary to take a new name, every bit was besides the custom on other occasions, in particular that of religious profession. Male monarch Henry Three of France (1551–1589) was christened Edouard Alexandre in 1551, merely at confirmation received the name Henri, by which he afterwards reigned. Today usually no great use is made of the confirmation proper name, although some treat it as an additional middle name. For example, A Song of Ice and Fire author George R. R. Martin was built-in George Raymond Martin, merely added his confirmation name Richard equally a second heart name. However, even after the English Reformation, the legal system of that country admitted the lawfulness of using one's confirmation name in, for instance, purchasing land.[66]

Repetition of the sacrament or rite [edit]

The Catholic Church sees confirmation as one of the 3 sacraments that no one tin receive more than than in one case (meet sacramental character). It recognizes as already confirmed those who enter the Catholic Church after receiving the sacrament, even every bit babies, in the churches of Eastern Christianity, just it confers the sacrament (in its view, for the first and but time) on those who enter the Catholic Church building later being confirmed in Protestant churches, seeing these churches equally lacking properly ordained ministers.[67]

In the Lutheran Churches, those individuals who received the sacrament of baptism co-ordinate to the Trinitarian formula in a not-Lutheran church are confirmed every bit Lutherans, ordinarily during the Easter Vigil—the first liturgy of Eastertide.[68] The rite of confirmation is preceded past a flow of catechetical instruction.[69]

In the Anglican Communion, a person who was previously confirmed in some other denomination by a bishop or priest recognized as validly ordained is "received" rather than confirmed over again. Some dioceses of the Protestant Episcopal Church building in the U.s.a. of America recognize non-episcopal Confirmations besides and these individuals are received into the Anglican Communion rather than re-confirmed.[70] In other dioceses, confirmations of those Christian denominations are recognized if they have a valid apostolic succession in the eyes of the Anglican Communion (e.g. Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, Roman Catholic Church, etc.).[71]

Eastern Orthodox churches occasionally practise what is seen past other Christians as "re-Chrismation", in that they usually chrismate/ostend – and sometimes rebaptize – a catechumen, even 1 previously confirmed in other churches. The justification is that the new Chrismation (or baptism) is the just valid one, the earlier one being administered outside of the Church and hence being lilliputian more than a symbol. The Eastern Orthodox will also chrismate an apostate from the Orthodox Church who repents and re-enters communion. Co-ordinate to some interpretations, the Eastern churches therefore view confirmation/Chrismation as a repeatable sacrament. According to others, the rite is understood as "part of a process of reconciliation, rather than equally a reiteration of mail-baptismal chrismation".[72]

Coordinating ceremonies in non-Christian practice [edit]

Judaism [edit]

Jewish confirmation c. 1900

In the tardily 1800s Reform Judaism developed a separate anniversary, called confirmation, loosely modeled on Christian Confirmation ceremonies. This occurred because, at the fourth dimension, Reform Jews believed that it was inappropriate for Bar/Bat mitzvah age children to be considered mature plenty to sympathize what it ways to be religious. It was held that children of this age were non responsible plenty to sympathize what it means to observe religious practices. Equally such, the reform rite of confirmation was originally a replacement for the Bar/Bat mitzvah ceremony, held at age xvi. In later decades, the Reform move modified this view, and now much of Reform Judaism in the United States encourages children to celebrate becoming Bar/Bat mitzvah at the traditional historic period, and then has the confirmation at the later on historic period every bit a sign of a more than advanced completion of their Jewish studies.

Today, many Reform Jewish congregations hold confirmation ceremonies every bit a way of marking the biblical festival of Shavuot and the determination of young adults to embrace Jewish report in their lives and reaffirm their commitment to the Covenant. The confirmands represent "the first fruits of each year's harvest. They correspond the hope and promise of tomorrow."[73] Confirmation is typically held in tenth form later on a year of study, but some synagogues celebrate information technology in other years of high schoolhouse.

Confirmation, in the context of Reform Judaism, was mentioned officially for the first time in an ordinance issued by the Jewish consistory of the kingdom of Westphalia at Cassel in 1810. There information technology was made the duty of the rabbi "to set the immature for confirmation, and personally to conduct the anniversary." At offset only boys were confirmed, on the Sabbath ("Shabbat") that they historic condign Bar Mitzvah; the ceremony was performed at the dwelling or in the schoolroom. In Berlin, Jewish girls were confirmed for the first fourth dimension in 1817, in Hamburg in 1818.

Confirmation was at first excluded from the synagogue, considering, like every innovation, it met with stern opposition from more traditional rabbis. Gradually, all the same, information technology constitute more favor; Hebrew schoolhouse classes were confirmed together, and confirmation gradually became a solemn commemoration at the synagogue. In 1822 the first class of boys and girls was confirmed at the Hamburg Temple, and in 1831 Rabbi Samuel Egers, a prominent traditional rabbi of his time, began to confirm boys and girls at the synagogue of Brunswick. While in the start some Shabbat, oftentimes during Chanukah or Passover, was selected for confirmation, it became increasingly customary, following the example of Egers, to perform the ceremony during the biblical festival of Shavuot ("Banquet of Weeks"). Information technology was felt that Shavuot was well suited for the rite, as it celebrated the occasion when the Israelites on Mount Sinai declared their intention to accept the yoke of God's Constabulary, so those of every new generation should follow the aboriginal instance and declare their willingness to be faithful to the Sinaitic covenant transmitted by their ancestors.

Confirmation was introduced in Kingdom of denmark every bit early as 1817, in Hamburg 1818, and in Hessen and Saxony in 1835. The Prussian government, which showed itself hostile to the Reform motion, prohibited it every bit late as 1836, as did Bavaria as late as 1838. It soon fabricated its fashion, however, into all progressive congregations of Germany. In 1841 information technology was introduced in France, starting time in Bordeaux and Marseilles, then in Strasburg and Paris, under the name initiation religieuse . The first Israelitish synod in 1869 at Leipsic adopted a report on religious education, the 13th section of which contains an elaborate opinion on confirmation, recommending the same to all Jewish congregations. In America the annual confirmation of boys and girls was outset resolved upon by the congregation of Temple Emanu-El of New York in 1847. The ceremony shortly gained so house a foothold in America that before long at that place was no progressive Jewish congregation in which it did not occur during Shavuot.

Secular confirmations [edit]

Several secular, mainly Humanist, organizations direct civil confirmations for older children, as a argument of their life stance that is an alternative to traditional religious ceremonies for children of that age.

Some atheist regimes have as a affair of policy fostered the replacement of Christian rituals such as confirmation with non-religious ones. In the historically Protestant German language Democratic Republic (East Germany), for case, "the Jugendweihe (youth dedication) gradually supplanted the Christian practise of Confirmation."[74] A concept that first appeared in 1852, the Jugendweihe is described as "a solemn initiation marking the transition from youth to adulthood that was developed in opposition to Protestant and Cosmic Churches' Confirmation."[75]

Encounter also [edit]

  • Rite of passage

References [edit]

  1. ^ Cf. Catechism of the Cosmic Church, 1303
  2. ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20160429080059/https://episcopalchurch.org/library/glossary/confirmation/https://sites.google.com/a/stpaulcatholic.net/parish/sacraments/theology-of-confirmation. Archived from the original on 29 April 2016. Retrieved half dozen October 2017.
  3. ^ "Archived copy". PBS. Archived from the original on 10 March 2013. Retrieved 26 Baronial 2017. {{cite spider web}}: CS1 maint: archived re-create equally title (link)
  4. ^ The Lutheran World Almanac and Annual Encyclopedia for 1921. Lutheran Bureau. 1921. p. 68. In this connection information technology should be stated that as it is the custom of the Lutheran Church to receive into full membership but those who accept been confirmed
  5. ^ Dada, Adelowo, E. (2014). Perspectives in Religious Studies: Volume Ii. HEBN Publishers. p. 209. ISBN978-9780814465. Confirmation in the Anglican Communion is the laying on of easily (of the Bishop) upon those who are baptised and have come to years of discretion. In this case, it involves those baptised both at infancy and machismo. It is the attainment of this status, amongst other conditions, that determines, in the Anglican Church, full membership of the Church building and eligibility to be admitted to the Lord'south Table, and to enjoy certain rights of the Church.
  6. ^ "Order of Service for the Reception of Baptized Persons into the Full Membership of the Church commonly called Conformation". Society of Archbishop Justus. 1950. Retrieved 7 June 2017.
  7. ^ "Catechism of the Catholic Church building – IntraText". vatican.va . Retrieved half-dozen October 2017.
  8. ^ a b "Baptism and Confirmation". The Methodist Church in U.k.. 2014. Archived from the original on vii July 2017. Retrieved 23 July 2017.
  9. ^ Cavadini, John C. (17 July 2018). "Confirmation strengthens our identity as children of God". Catholic Philly. Retrieved 28 March 2021.
  10. ^ "Archived re-create". Archived from the original on 17 January 2018. Retrieved 16 Jan 2018. {{cite spider web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as championship (link)
  11. ^ "What is a Confirmation?". ReformJudaism.org. 17 August 2012. Retrieved nine March 2018.
  12. ^ B. Neunheuser OSB (1964). Baptism and Confirmation. The Herder History of Dogma. Freiburg – London: Herder – Burns & Oates. pp. 42–52.
  13. ^ a b "Catechism of the Catholic Church building – IntraText". vatican.va . Retrieved half-dozen October 2017.
  14. ^ a b "Code of Canon Law: text – IntraText CT". intratext.com . Retrieved 6 October 2017.
  15. ^ Christian Initiation of Adults, 34
  16. ^ "Code of Canon Law: text – IntraText CT". intratext.com . Retrieved 6 October 2017.
  17. ^ Rite of Confirmation, 7
  18. ^ Ronald Minnerath, "50'ordine dei Sacramenti dell'iniziazione", in L'Osservatore Romano, 23 May 2007
  19. ^ Kay Lynn Isca, Catholic Etiquette (Our Sunday Visitor 1997 ISBN 0-87973-590-two), p. 91
  20. ^ a b Samuel J. Aquila. "Confirmation every bit a Sacrament of Initiation". 50'Osservatore Romano. 2012 (14), iv Apr: five. Archived from the original on 24 September 2018. Retrieved 4 July 2018.
  21. ^ canon 788 of the 1917 Code of Canon Law
  22. ^ a b "Catechism". usccb.org . Retrieved vi Oct 2017.
  23. ^ "Lawmaking of Canon Law: text – IntraText CT". intratext.com . Retrieved 6 October 2017.
  24. ^ "Code of Catechism Law: text – IntraText CT". intratext.com . Retrieved half-dozen October 2017.
  25. ^ "The Restored Order of Sacraments of Initiation". ewtn.com . Retrieved vi October 2017.
  26. ^ Confirmation before communion, Liverpool decides Archived xi April 2013 at the Wayback Automobile
  27. ^ Interchurch Families Archived 3 Oct 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  28. ^ "THE CATECHISM OF TRENT: The Sacraments – Confirmation". cin.org . Retrieved 6 Oct 2017.
  29. ^ Sullivan, Tom. "Sacrament of Confirmation (What is it all about?)". EWTN . Retrieved 3 March 2011.
  30. ^ Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy Sacrosanctum Concilium Archived 21 February 2008 at the Wayback Motorcar
  31. ^ Pomazansky, Protopresbyter Michael (1973). Orthodox Dogmatic Theology. Platina, California: Saint Herman of Alaska Alliance (published 1984). p. 272. LCCN 84-051294.
  32. ^ [1] "Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America – The Stand up of the Orthodox Church on Controversial Issues". Retrieved 28 December 2011
  33. ^ [two] "St Nicholas Russian Orthodox Church building, McKinney, Texas – Chrismation and special circumstances". Retrieved 28 December 2011
  34. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 17 January 2018. Retrieved 16 January 2018. {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived re-create as championship (link)
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  40. ^ "Lesson five: Performing Priesthood Ordinances". churchofjesuschrist.org. seven Jan 2011. Retrieved fifteen Jan 2019.
  41. ^ Lutheran Volume of Worship – Ministers Desk Edition, p.324
  42. ^ "The 39 Articles". Archived from the original on 29 Apr 2010. Retrieved 7 May 2010.
  43. ^ "e.g. The Church building of South Republic of india, Book of Common Worship (2004)" (PDF) . Retrieved 6 Oct 2017.
  44. ^ "Canons of the General Convention 2015, Title I, Canon 17, Section 1(c)" (PDF) . Retrieved 6 October 2017.
  45. ^ "Periodical of the 78th General Convention, 371". Retrieved half dozen October 2017.
  46. ^ "The Christian Organized religion: Ch 56- Confirmation". katapi.org.united kingdom of great britain and northern ireland . Retrieved 6 October 2017.
  47. ^ "Baptism and Confirmation". The Methodist Church in Britain. 2014. Archived from the original on 7 July 2017. Retrieved 23 July 2017. There is no obvious difference in agreement, for example, between the Methodist Church and the Church of England virtually Confirmation itself.
  48. ^ Pruitt, Kenneth (22 November 2013). "Where The Line Is Drawn: Ordination and Sexual Orientation in the UMC". Rethink Bishop. Archived from the original on 28 Apr 2014. Retrieved 27 April 2014. Sacraments for the UMC include both Baptism and Eucharist. The Roman Catholic and Orthodox traditions count 5 more, which many Protestants, including the UMC, acknowledge as sacramental: Confession/Absolution, Holy Union, Confirmation/Chrismation, Holy Orders/Ordination, and Anointing/Unction.
  49. ^ Thompson, Andrew C. (ane October 2010). Generation Rising: A Hereafter with Promise for The United Methodist Church. Abingdon Press. p. 93. ISBN9781426731242. Meanwhile, we can also say that confirmation is sacramental: it is a means of grace (if non an actual sacrament) in which God has been known to show up--and thus information technology has importance for both our justification and sanctification.
  50. ^ Bicknell, E. J. (1 January 2008). A Theological Introduction to the 30-Nine Articles of the Church of England, Third Edition. Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 359. ISBN9781556356827. Then it proceeds Those five, commonly called Sacraments, that is to say Confirmation, Penance, Orders, Matrimony, and Extreme Unction, are non to be counted for the Sacraments of the Gospel. We notice that the Commodity does not deny to them the proper noun sacraments. 'Commonly called' is not in the language of the Prayer-Book necessarily derogatory. Nosotros discover, e.k. 'The Nativity of our Lord, or the Birth-day of Christ, commonly called "Christmas twenty-four hours".' All that the Commodity insists is that these rites are not to be counted equal to the other 2.
  51. ^ Blunt, John Henry (1891). Lexicon of Doctrinal and Historical Theology. Longmans, Greenish & Co. p. 670.
  52. ^ Wood, Laurence Due west. (23 September 2002). The Significant of Pentecost in Early Methodism. Scarecrow Press. p. 339. ISBN9781461673200.
  53. ^ "By Water and the Spirit: A United Methodist Agreement of Baptism". The Volume of Resolutions of The United Methodist Church. The United Methodist Church. 2008.
  54. ^ An Anglican-Methodist Covenant. Church House Publishing. 2001. p. 41. ISBN9781858522180. Fundamentally, however, as our liturgies show, confirmation is regarded past both churches as a ways of grace inside the total process of Christian initiation. For both churches, confirmation includes the reaffirmation of the baptismal promises by the candidate, accompanied past the prayer with the laying on of hands that God will strengthen the candidate in his or her discipleship through the work of the Holy Spirit.
  55. ^ We Believe. Bristol Firm. 2007. ISBN978-1885224064.
  56. ^ "At what age are children confirmed?". United Methodist Church. Retrieved 30 September 2013.
  57. ^ "What Is the Advisable Age for Baptism and for Confirmation?". The General Board of Discipleship of The United Methodist Church. 1996. What if a youth or developed has non been baptized? Tin can he or she be role of the "confirmation preparation"? Yes, the unbaptized can share in the same experiences. By Water and the Spirit puts it this style: Youth who were non baptized equally infants share in the same flow of grooming for profession of Christian faith. For them, information technology is nurture for baptism, for condign members of the Church, and for confirmation. Those who are baptized are also confirmed, remembering that our ritual reflects the ancient unity of baptism, confirmation (laying on of easily with prayer), and Eucharist. "The ritual of the baptismal covenant included in The United Methodist Hymnal makes clear that the first and principal confirming act of the Holy Spirit is in connectedness with and immediately follows baptism." (By Water and the Spirit)
  58. ^ We Believe. Bristol House. 2007. Archived from the original on 17 May 2014. Retrieved 17 May 2014. Confirmation classes provide a great opportunity to requite students a broad view of basic Christian behavior including the characteristics of the Father, Son and Holy Spirit; the importance and nature of the Bible; the need to trust in Jesus Christ for salvation; and the significance of the church. We Believe Student includes these topics equally well every bit general church building history and the responsibilities of discipleship and church membership. It offers students a basic but thorough understanding of what information technology ways to be a Christian in the United Methodist tradition.
  59. ^ "Is confirmation part of the Presbyterian Church building in America (PCA) doctrine?". christianity.stackexchange.com . Retrieved 6 October 2017.
  60. ^ "Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) – Resources – We Believe – Professing Our Faith: A Confirmation Curriculum Sample Package". Archived from the original on 7 June 2011. Retrieved 6 October 2017.
  61. ^ a b c "The Catechism of the New Apostolic Church". New Apostolic Church. 18 Dec 2020. Retrieved 27 May 2021.
  62. ^ "Sacraments Elders" (PDF). United Church of Canada. 2020. p. thirteen. Retrieved 28 March 2021.
  63. ^ Roy, Steven (11 May 2021). "Oftentimes asked: What Is Lutheran Confirmation Teacher Chosen?". Resurrection Lutheran Church of Woodbury. Retrieved fifteen February 2022.
  64. ^ Fred T. Mercadante, Senior High Ministry That Works! (Bayard 2008 ISBN 978-1-58595-704-0), Appendix 50
  65. ^ David Philippart, Prune Notes for Church Bulletins, Volume ii (Liturgy Grooming Publications 2003 ISBN 978-1-56854-275-1) Copyright 2001 Archdiocese of Chicago Liturgy Training Publications
  66. ^ "Herbert Thurston, "Christian Names" in The Catholic Encyclopedia 1911. Retrieved 26 July 2011". Newadvent.org. i October 1911. Retrieved 15 January 2019.
  67. ^ "Valid-Invalid Baptisms" (PDF). Archdiocese of Los Angeles. 2021. Retrieved 15 February 2022.
  68. ^ "Adult Baptism & Confirmation". English Lutheran Church. Retrieved 15 February 2022.
  69. ^ Finch, Mary (28 May 1988). [deseret.com/1988/5/28/18767101/lutheran-confirmation-allows-youths-and-adults-to-publicly-reaffirm-faith "Lutheran Confirmation allows Youths and Adults to Publicly Reaffirm Religion"]. Deseret News.
  70. ^ "Confirmation". Protestant Episcopal Church in the U.s. of America. Retrieved 20 September 2016. In some dioceses, those who have already made a mature Christian commitment in some other denomination are recognized as members of the one holy catholic and churchly church, and received into the fellowship of the Episcopal Church and the Anglican Communion.
  71. ^ "Oftentimes Asked Questions". Madison, Alabama: St. Matthew's Episcopal Church. Archived from the original on 4 October 2016. Retrieved 20 September 2016. If, however, you have been Confirmed in either the Roman Catholic Church or Evangelical Lutheran Church of America (ELCA), you may choose to be "received" by the bishop instead. This is because the Episcopal Church recognizes that the bishops in these churches take valid Churchly Succession dating back to the time of the Apostles, and that Confirmations performed in these churches are considered valid.
  72. ^ "Baptism and 'Sacramental Economic system' – An Agreed Statement of The North American Orthodox-Catholic Theological Consultation – A. Inconsistencies in the Reception of Adults into Ecclesial Communion". myriobiblos.gr . Retrieved six October 2017.
  73. ^ Knoebel, Gates of the Seasons, 77
  74. ^ Country-information. com, Germany: Organized religion Based on the Land Studies Series past Federal Enquiry Segmentation of the Library of Congress
  75. ^ Jugendweihe from the German-language Wikipedia (in German)

Further reading [edit]

  • Bellarmine, Robert (1847). "On Confirmation.". The Art of Dying Well. Translated by John Dalton. Richardson and Son.

External links [edit]

  • The Rite of Confirmation Resources Site
  • Waking Up Catholic – RCIA and Adult Confirmation
  • Church Fathers on Confirmation
  • Cosmic Sacrament of Confirmation – Initiation
  • Data and Forum for Roman Catholics About to Receive0 Confirmation
  • Catholic Encyclopedia – Catholic teaching on Confirmation
  • Catechism of Filaret, 307–314 – Eastern Orthodox instruction on Confirmation/Unction with Chrism/Chrismation
  • Anglican didactics on Confirmation
  • Judaism 101: Bar Mitzvah, Bat Mitzvah, and Confirmation
  • My Jewish Learning: Jewish Confirmation

How Do You Call The Book Where Catholic Confirmation Is Registered,

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confirmation

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